Steam-generator



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

L. D. COPELAND.

STEAM GENERATOR.

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(No Model.)

No. 394,461. Patented Dec. 11, 1888.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIcE.

LITCIUS D. COPELAND, OF CAMDEN, NEIV JERSEY.

STEAM-GENERATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 394,461, dated December11, 1888.

Application filed November 19, 1887. Serial No. 255,635. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern; A A, Fig. 1, represent the two main cylin-Be it known that I, LUCIUS D. COPELAND, a ders, connected by a conicalsection, ],which citizen of. the United-States, residing at Cainpartsconstitute the external shell or casing 55 den,in the county of Camdenand State of New of the boiler. \Vithin this shell, at a slightJersey,have invented certain new and useful distance therefrom, isanother shell, C, of Improvements in Steam-Generators; and I do likeform and contour. Both shells are lined hereby declare the following tobe a full, clear, with asbestus, as shown at D, or with other and exactdescription of the invention, referequivalent non-conducting material,to con- 60 ence being had to the accompanying drawline and prevent theradiation of heat. The ings, which form part of this specification.non-conducting material is secured to the My invention has relation tocertain immetal of the casings by suitable rivets or provements in thetype of safety steam-boilbolts, (I. Between the asbcstus lining of theers constituting the subject of Letters Patshell A A and the surface ofthe shell C C is 65 ent of the United States No. 360,759, issued left aspace, I), which surrounds the entire to me the 5th day of April, A. D.1887, and shell C, and which is designed to form an specially designedfor use on steam-tricycles, air-space having inlet apertures or slots (1in pleasure-boats, and small vehicles and "esthe base or bed-plate A ofthe boiler. The sels. object of this space is to permit of a free cir-70 My invention consists in the novel construcculation of air betweenthe two shells and tion, combination, and arrangement of parts, preventas far as possible the communication hereinafter described, whereby theefficiency of heat to the outer shell. of the boiler is increased andthe rapid gen- As will be seen, the two shells or casings exeration ofsteam promoted. tend across the top of the boiler and form a 75 In myPatent No. 360,759 Ihave shown and dome, A which confines the heat,preventing described a form of tubular boiler especially its upwardradiation and permitting of the 10- designed and adapted to be heated bymeans cation of the boiler below the seats of boats or of liquid fuel,although solid and vaporized vehicles. \Vithin the main cylinders are afuel maybe used when desired. In such patnumber of steam-generatingcylinders, E E, 80 ented steam-boiler the shell consists of two &c.,anynumber of which may be used, though 0 main cylinders connected by aconical non- I have illustrated a central cylinder, E, with conductor toretain the heat. \Vithin the upsurrounding cylinders E, to correspondwith per main cylinder or cylindrical sections are the arrangement shownin said patent. arranged a number of smaller cylinders hav- Thecylinders E have fire-fines 6 extending 85 ing fire-fines andcommunicating with each from end to end, and drop or pendent water 5other by means of short pipes entering their legs or tubes f f, whichextend from the botsteam and water spaces, so as to produce a cirtoms ofthe cylinders, as shown, down into the culation between them. lowercavity or chamber of the main cylinder The improvements hereinafterdescribed or casing, the latter constituting the combus- 9o contemplatethe adoption and use of the gention-chamber, in which is located agrate, at 40 eral form and arrangement of parts described omizer, orother adjunct for burning fuel,

and shown in the patent referred to, with either solid, liquid, orgaseous. such slight modifications as the additional The centralcylinder, E, may have six firefeatures constituting my invention renderexfines and one central water-leg, f, while the 5 pedient. surroundingcylinders, E, may have each five Referring to the accompanying drawings,fire-fines and three Water-1egs;but.the number Figure 1 is a Verticalcentral section of a of fines and water-legs maybe varied and theirboiler embodying my invention; Fig. 2, a location changed. plan view ofa modification; Fig. 3, a per- In my Patent No. 360,759 the water-legsof I00 spective view of awater-leg, and Fig. asimithe cylinders aresimply plain cylindrical 5o lar view of one of the cylinders. Fig. 5 isa tubes, but I now provide each tube with an section through a portionof the boiler shell external longitudinal flange or Web, g, for thepurpose of increasing the heating-surface,

or casing.

These flanges are arranged in vertical planes, so as to offer noobstruction to the free passage of the flames upward. These flanges maybe in the form of continuous webs; but to compensate for expansion andcontraction I prefer to divide them into short sections by means ofhorizontal kerfsor slits g, cut at regular intervals. I also arrangewithin each water-leg a supplemental concentric tube, g of sufficientlysmall diameter to leave a watercirculation space, h, between the two,communication being had between the interior of the tube g and the waterleg at the bottom through notches y out in the lower end of thesupplemental tube. As the water in the leg becomes heated its tendencyis to rise in the space h toward the cylinder. This allows the water inthe supplemental tube to descend and take its place in the space h, thuskeeping up a constant circulation and producing rapid heating andgeneration of steam.

The central cylinder, E, I have found it expedient to elongate, in orderto increase its capacity and enlarge its heating-surface Accordingly Iextend it both above and below the ends of the surrounding cylinders,the upper end entering or nearly entering the dome of the casing. Theconnections of the central cylinder with the water or steam space of theouter cylinders are made by means of tubes c' rising from the upper endsof the outer cylinders and entering the side of the central cylinder.The tube couplings are such as will allow of connection anddisconnection "ra'ngement and relation of the cylinders withbeing easilymade. The outer: cylinders are also connected to and their water-spacesin communication with the central cylinder near the lower end of theformer by means of transverse or horizontal branches i.

The water-leg of the central cylinder differs from that shown in mypatent in being extended through the center of the cylinder to near thetop thereof and provided with an internal supplemental tube, It,terminating a short distance from or above the lower end of thewater-leg and extending above the cylinder. At its upper end this tubeis connected to a drum or steam-cylinder, L, from which steam is takenfor consumption. The steam from the outer cylinders entering the centralcylinder, wherein its temperature is raised, enters the water-legthrough the top, and thence passes downward and into the supplementaltube, through which it is conducted to the engine by pipe L. By thismeans its temperature and pressure are highly increased, as in passingthrough the lower portion of the central water-leg it is brought intothe direct and close influence of the fire.

Various changes may be made in the arout departing from the spirit ofthe invention. Instead of having a single cylinder with a series ofcylinders surrounding the same, the cylinders may be arranged inparallel rows,

as shown in Fig. 2, the outer rows being in communication with theintermediate row, which in turn communicates by separate central tubeswith the steam-pipe above.

The arrangement of the fire-fiues and waterlegs differs somewhat fromthose shown in Fig. 1. In the latter the'water-legs of the thecylinders, so as to be in close proximity to the fires, and these legshave on their outer surfaces longitudinal web's or ii nges to increasethe heating-surface. In the modification illustrated in Fig. 2 thewater-legs depend from the outer halves of' the cylinders, while thefire-fines extend throughthe inner halves. The steam or water ofcirculation is conducted to the intermediate cylinders through branchesconnected with the cylinders on the outer side of their commondiameters.

All the cylinders in the modification are provided with radial externalwebs, Z, correspond- :ing to those on the water-legs of Fig. 1 and forthe same purpose;

Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure byLetters Patent,

1. In a steam-generator, the combination, with water-legs, of externallongitudinal flanges or webs formed thereon or attached thereto dividedinto sections, substantially as described.

2. In a steamgenerator, the combination, with a series of cylinders, E,of a central or intermediate cylinder or cylinders, the latter beingelongated or extended into the firespace and above the water-level, soas to constitute a superheater, substantially as described.

3. In a steam-generator, the combination, with the cylinder E, havingthe depending leg f, continued or extended to near the top of thecylinder, of the internal tube, It, terminating near the bottom of saidleg and communicating therewith and with the steam-pipe L, substantiallyas described.

4. A non-conducting casing for steam-boilers, consisting of two metalliccylinders, A and O inclosed one within the other and each formed with adome, the whole being supported upon a bed-plate having air-passages (Zd, each of said cylinders and domes being lined with non-conductingfabric, and a coldair space communicating solely with the outer air atthe base of the struct-in'e, being left between the lining of the outercylinder and the surface of the inner cylinder, substantially asdescribed.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this14th day of November, 1887.

LUCIUS D. COPELAND.

WVitnesses:

Jos. B. CoNNoLLY, R. DALE SIEABHAWK.

outer cylinders depend from the inner half of

